Descriptive and analytic epidemiology features

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Descriptive and analytic epidemiology features essay assignment

DQ1 Describe the key features of descriptive and analytic epidemiology. How are the two used in conjunction with one another?

DQ2 What is a clinical trial? Support your description with literary rationale. Why do you believe clinical trials are beneficial?

Descriptive epidemiology, or the recognition of a natural experiment, may provide a hypothesis as to etiology. These methods are retrospective in nature, and cannot be controlled. In addition, records are rarely complete, or if they are, different terminology and data collection can make comparisons between groups in a natural experiment difficult.

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The experimental method is the most powerful tool in defining the etiology of recurring developmental anomalies. The basic approach of the applied experimental method is to take one or two of the most likely hypotheses and test them one at a time on part of the herd, using other untreated animals as controls. It is important to randomly select individuals to remove sample bias. If the herd is large, it may be divided into a number of groups, allowing for the simultaneous testing of more than one hypothesis, but this depends on the prevalence of the anomalies. For example, the herd could be divided into four groups: old animals with access to suspected toxicant; young animals with access to suspected toxicant; old animals with no access; and young animals with no access. Developmental anomalies of low prevalence require larger sized groups. Usually, a prevalence of 25% will allow a group size of 50 animals, depending on the variability of expression of the defect.