Adaptive Response and a Mind Map nursing assignment sample paper
Adaptive Response and a Mind Map nursing assignment sample paper
As an advanced practice nurse, you will examine patients presenting with a variety of disorders. You must, therefore, understand how the body normally functions so that you can identify when it is reacting to changes. Often, when changes occur in body systems, the body reacts with compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms, such as adaptive responses, might be signs and symptoms of alterations or underlying disorders. In the clinical setting, you use these responses, along with other patient factors, to lead you to a diagnosis.
Adaptive Response and a Mind Map nursing assignment
Consider the following scenarios:
Scenario 1:
Jennifer is a 2-year-old female who presents with her mother. Mom is concerned because Jennifer has been “running a temperature” for the last 3 days. Mom says that Jennifer is usually healthy and has no significant medical history. She was in her usual state of good health until 3 days ago when she started to get fussy, would not eat her breakfast, and would not sit still for her favorite television cartoon. Since then she has had a fever off and on, anywhere between 101oF and today’s high of 103.2oF. Mom has been giving her ibuprofen, but when the fever went up to 103.2oF today, she felt that she should come in for evaluation. A physical examination reveals a height and weight appropriate 2-year-old female who appears acutely unwell. Her skin is hot and dry. The tympanic membranes are slightly reddened on the periphery, but otherwise normal in appearance. The throat is erythematous with 4+ tonsils and diffuse exudates. Anterior cervical nodes are readily palpable and clearly tender to touch on the left side. The child indicates that her throat hurts “a lot” and it is painful to swallow. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute.
Scenario 2:
Jack is a 27-year-old male who presents with redness and irritation of his hands. He reports that he has never had a problem like this before, but about 2 weeks ago he noticed that both his hands seemed to be really red and flaky. He denies any discomfort, stating that sometimes they feel “a little bit hot,” but otherwise they feel fine. He does not understand why they are so red. His wife told him that he might have an allergy and he should get some steroid cream. Jack has no known allergies and no significant medical history except for recurrent ear infections as a child. He denies any traumatic injury or known exposure to irritants. He is a maintenance engineer in a newspaper building and admits that he often works with abrasive solvents and chemicals. Normally he wears protective gloves, but lately they seem to be in short supply so sometimes he does not use them. He has exposed his hands to some of these cleaning fluids, but says that it never hurt and he always washed his hands when he was finished.
Scenario 3:
Martha is a 65-year-old woman who recently retired from her job as an administrative assistant at a local hospital. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, which has been controlled for years with hydrochlorothiazide. She reports that lately she is having a lot of trouble sleeping, she occasionally feels like she has a “racing heartbeat,” and she is losing her appetite. She emphasizes that she is not hungry like she used to be. The only significant change that has occurred lately in her life is that her 87-year-old mother moved into her home a few years ago. Mom had always been healthy, but she fell down a flight of stairs and broke her hip. Her recovery was a difficult one, as she has lost a lot of mobility and independence and needs to rely on her daughter for assistance with activities of daily living. Martha says it is not the retirement she dreamed about, but she is an only child and is happy to care for her mother. Mom wakes up early in the morning, likes to bathe every day, and has always eaten 5 small meals daily. Martha has to put a lot of time into caring for her mother, so it is almost a “blessing” that Martha is sleeping and eating less. She is worried about her own health though and wants to know why, at her age, she suddenly needs less sleep.
Adaptive Response and a Mind Map nursing assignment sample paper
To Prepare
Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 6 in the Huether and McCance text.
Identify the pathophysiology of the disorders presented in each of the three scenarios, including their associated alterations. Consider the adaptive responses to the alterations.
Review the examples of “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in this week’s Learning Resources. Then select one of the disorders you identified from the scenarios. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.
Review the Application Assignment Rubric found under Course Information
To Complete:
Write a 2- -page paper excluding the title page, reference page, and Mind Map that addresses the following:
For each of the three scenarios explain the pathophysiology, associated alterations and the patients’ adaptive responses to the alterations caused by the disease processes. You are required to discuss all three scenarios within the paper component of this assignment.
Construct one mind map on a selected disorder presented in one of the scenarios. Your Mind Map must include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.
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Sample solution to Adaptive Response and a Mind Map nursing assignment
Paper type: Coursework (Mind map)
Course Level: Master
Subject Area: Nursing
# Pages: 2
Introduction
The advanced practice nurse must be able to attend to the needs of all patients who visit a healthcare facility. Therefore, it is crucial that they have a comprehensive understanding of how various condition affect the normal functioning of the body. Essentially, they must know changes in the body that are associated with a healthy status and those that occur as a response to pathophysiological processes. Those reactions, signs, and symptoms that occur in the body to counter disease process and to maintain homeostasis are known as adaptive responses. The advanced practice nurse often relies on these changes to establish the most appropriate diagnosis for a disorder (Hurther & McCance, 2012). The paper describes the pathophysiology, alterations, and disease responses for health conditions presented in three different scenarios. Besides, the author has generated a mind map for Tonsillitis as a disorder which has been identified from one of the given cases.
Case One: Jennifer is Suffering from Tonsillitis
The pathophysiology is attributed to either bacterial or viral infection or both. The bacteria that commonly cause the disease condition is Streptococcus. The microbes bind on to the mucous membrane thereby activating cytokines. The release of cytokines is characterized by the development of erythema on the throat which serves as the associated alternation. The adaptive response that is commonly observed in patients with tonsillitis is inflammation. Examples of inflammatory changes in the tonsils include the production of exudates and sore throat. Besides, fever always occurs in children with tonsillitis (Medscape, 2017). In the first scenario, Jennifer presents with clinical manifestations that correspond to those of tonsillitis described here. For instance, she has a reddened tympanic membrane. Furthermore, the child presents with 4+ tonsils, erythematous, and exudates in her throat. Therefore, it would be appropriate for the advanced practice nurse to conclude that she is suffering from tonsillitis.
Case Two: Jack is Suffering from Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis is a health condition that affects people following a direct contact with an irritating substance such as a reactive chemical. When the irritant gets into direct contact with the compound in question, the disease process or the pathophysiology occurs. The pathophysiology involves the production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukins 1, 6, and 8. These agents cause reddened dermatitis which is the associated alteration. The reddening occurs as a result of inflammation which serves as the patient’s adaptive response in this case. Besides, in irritant contact dermatitis, the affected areas are become cracked and irritated (McPhee & Hammer, 2010). In the second scenario, the given descriptions perfectly match those of irritant contact dermatitis. Being a maintenance engineer, Jack must have exposed his hands to abrasive chemicals and solvents. Again, due to the associated inflammation, the patient’s hands appear red and flaky. It is therefore appropriate for the advanced practice nurse to conclude that he is suffering from irritant contact dermatitis.
Case Three: Martha is suffering from Stress Response
The stress response is often associated with the secretion of high concentration of glucocorticoids including anti-inflammatory cytokines and cortisol. High concentration of these substances usually causes osteoarthritis which is characterized by loss of mobility and inability to effectively perform activities of daily living. The health condition under discussion normally affects elderly patients, especially those who are struggling to manage chronic medical conditions (Hurther & McCance, 2012). In the third scenario, Martha is currently aged 65 years which means that she is elderly. Besides, she has lost physical mobility and is unable to live independently since she needs assistance with her daily living activities. Moreover, she is struggling to manage hypertension following a recent diagnosis.
Tonsillitis: Mind Map
The tonsillitis mind map in Appendix A has been constructed based on the ideas presented in Zimbron (2008). The map gives a description of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and adaptive responses to alterations that occur due to the disorder.
References: Adaptive Response and a Mind Map nursing assignment sample paper
Hurther, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology. St. Louis: MO: Mosby.
Medscape. (2017). Tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess: Practice essentials, background, pathophysiology and etiology. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/871977-overview.
McPhee, S., & Hammer, G. D. (2010). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Zimbron, J. (2008). Mind maps-Demential, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Retrieved from http://www.medmaps.co.uk/beta/
